The Dada movement originated from Western Europe and was both an artistic and literary movement that sought the discovery and exploration of a new and “authentic” reality through rebellion against, and ultimately, the abolition of traditional culture and aesthetic forms. It flourished from 1916 to 1923.
The Surrealism movement was primarily a spin-off of the earlier Dada and developed in Europe between World Wars I and II and was widely considered as a reaction to the horrors committed in the wars, which many thought was a failure of rational thought. Surrealism produced works that challenged everything that was reasonable and rational with its juxtaposition of unlikely and often jarring image. Surrealists aimed to merge images of the unconscious with those of the conscious mind. As the movement became more established, a stronger emphasis on positive expression was made.
Dalí
Dalí once described surrealism as “…destructive, but it destroys only what it considers to be shackles limiting our vision.”
He joined the Surrealist movement in 1929, after receiving an invitation from André Breton, and soon Dalí quickly established himself as one of its leading artists. He spent a great deal of time in France and formed a large network of contacts and friendships with many Parisian artists and wealthy patrons. It is in this period that Dalí begins to show increasing confidence in his own style. His works have recurring themes of ants, hands, clocks and watches, crutches, lobsters, and bread.
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